Svenska Handelsbanken AB (publ) is a Nordic universal bank headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The bank operates a relationship-focused, decentralized business model with a low-risk tolerance, eschewing individual sales targets and short-term bonuses in favor of a corporate profit-sharing system (the Oktogonen Foundation). Handelsbanken's revenue generation is predominantly spread-based: net interest income accounts for the vast majority of net income (typically 70% or more), supplemented by net fee and commission income (approximately 20%) from savings, investment fund administration, payment services, and advisory, as well as net gains on financial transactions. The bank operates through core geographical business units alongside specialized divisions: Handelsbanken Sweden (representing over 60% of total revenue), Handelsbanken UK (around 18-20%), Handelsbanken Norway (around 10%), Handelsbanken The Netherlands, and Handelsbanken Markets (capital markets and investment banking). Its comprehensive service offerings encompass residential mortgage lending through subsidiary Stadshypotek AB, commercial property and corporate financing, cash management, private banking, life insurance and pensions through Handelsbanken Liv, and mutual fund management via Handelsbanken Fonder AB. Handelsbanken holds one of the highest credit ratings among privately owned European commercial banks.