Iren S.p.A. operates through five primary business segments: Networks, Waste Management, Energy, Market, and Other Services. The Networks division manages electricity and gas distribution infrastructure alongside integrated water cycle services. The Energy segment focuses on the production of electricity and thermal energy, utilizing hydroelectric plants, cogeneration facilities, and renewable sources, while also managing public lighting and energy efficiency projects. The Market division handles the retail sale of electricity, gas, and heat to end consumers. Additionally, the Waste Management unit provides urban hygiene, waste collection, and disposal services. Formed through the 2010 merger of IRIDE and ENÌA, the company traces its legal roots back to 1907 and has established a strong geographic footprint across Italy's north-central regions.