First Solar, Inc. is a major manufacturer of photovoltaic (PV) solar modules, utilizing proprietary thin-film semiconductor technology. While the broader solar industry relies heavily on crystalline silicon, First Solar uses cadmium telluride (CdTe) to produce its modules. The company operates a vertically integrated manufacturing process that transforms raw materials into fully functional solar panels.
First Solar operates as a pure-play module manufacturer, generating nearly all of its revenue from the sale of solar modules to system developers, independent power producers, utilities, and commercial and industrial companies. The company previously engaged in project development and engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) services but divested these units to focus exclusively on module production. Geographically, the United States is its dominant market, accounting for over 90% of its net sales, supported by domestic manufacturing incentives. The company maintains a global manufacturing footprint with facilities in the U.S., Malaysia, Vietnam, and India. First Solar also operates a global recycling program, recovering module materials at the end of their lifecycle.
